BASIC OF IRRIGATION
First irrigation commission came in the year 1901 and second irrigation commission came in the year 1969.
Irrigation potential of India is about 123.62 M ha against Ultimate Irrigation potential of India 139 M ha
Arca Irrigated only once during a year. Net irrigated area (65.30 M la In India)
If net irrigated area is added with area irrigated more than once is called as Gross irrigated area (91.50 Mla in India) In India.
In India gross un-irrigated area Is- 103.70 M ha but net unirrigated area is- 75.50 M ha
Which country has largest extent of irrigated are in the world-India
Which country having highest irrigation efficiency- Israel
Which country having 100% cropped area under irrigation Egypt
Region which have large number of irrigation tanks. constructed in ancient India- South India
In India irrigated area from wells is about 54 percent
Mean annual precipitation of India is about 400m ha meter or 1200mm or 4000km3
From 400 mham-215 mha.m. (53.756) is infiltrated, 115 mham. (28.75%) I lost through cutoff and 70 mha.m. become soil moisture after infiltration and rest 50 . (23.25%) goes to ground for groundwater recharge. (17.5%) is evaporated immediately From 215 mham -165 mha.m.(76,74%)
Different kinds of water
water present as soil and plant called Green water.
water present in sea, rivers, canals and lakes étc Blue water.
water waste water from kitchen, bathroom cte. Is called as Grey water.
Ground water which is mostly used in agriculture and for domestic used is called as Fossil water
Sewage or industrial waste water is called as Black water
Properties of water:
highest density of water at what temperature 4C
* Latent heat of vaporization is 540Cal/g at 100°C •
The heat absorbed when heat Specific heat of water: Call thighest)
• Theme of heat required by one degree is called as specific heat
substance changes from liquid phase to gas called as Latent
Heat of fusion of water is The heat absorbed as a substance changes from liquid phase to solid, a process called fusion solidification heat of sublimation is 620 Cal/g
• Sublimation is a phase change process in which a substance is taken directly from solid to a viscous state without becoming a liquid 80 Cal/g
Water expand on freezing: 9 percent
• When water freeze in plant, cells are damaged due to this expansion of water resulted,plants are dead)
• Freezing of water is called as physical change because the hydrogen and oxygen molecules that make up the water stay the same despite the change in stute from liquid to solid.
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