Glossary of agricultural terms

       Agricultural Terminology

• A line - The male sterile parent involving cytoplasmic or cytoplasmic male sterility devoped to produce hybrid seed. It is also known as  a cytoplasmic male steril line.
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• Absorb- To take in by chemical or molecular action or use as nourishment in the physiological process of the plant.
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• Absorption-  the process by which a substance process from one system to another .
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• Acaricide- A pesticide that kills mites and ticks.
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• Acclimation- Adjustment or adoption of an individual to a different climate or environment.
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• Achene- Small dry fruit with one seed.
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• Acid equbalent- The portion of pesticides that the theoretically converted in to acid .
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• Acid soil- A soil with a ph value of less than 7.0; for practical purpose ,soil with ph below ,6.6.
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• Acid sulphate soil- A soil with a ph valouof less then 4.0 when air dried contains a high amount of sulphate and yellow jarosite mottes. Abnormal growth of the plant in this soil if toxich from animal, animal , iron and hydrogen sulphide  and phosphorus deficiency.
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•  Adopt- to fit or adjust to a particular environment or a set of specific climate conditions through a change in the plants growth and development.
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• Adaptability- adapt to different environments by modification in physiological responses.
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• Adult - The mature stage
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• Albino- A plant that lacks 
• chllorophyll  and turn white, a deficiency in normal pigment .
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• Alluvial soil- Soil that has been deposited by any form of running water.
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• Amensalism- An intraction between two organisms in which one organism is suppressed by toxins produce by the second.
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• Amylase- The enzyme responsible for catalysing the brack down of starch in to sugars may be active one of two forms ,a- amylase, b- amylase.
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•  Anaerobic- the absence of molecular oxygen.
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• Androgenesis- The development of a haploid individual form a pollen grain or microspore.
• Anaphase- The stage of cell division in which the chromosome halves move towards the aposite poles of the spindle
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• Anatomy - Study of the internal structure of living beings .
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• Antagonism - In plant nutration, the interference of one aliment with the absorption or utilisation of an essential nutrient by the plant.
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• Argillic horizon- A soil horizon enriched by clay that have move downward.
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• Agro climate zones- and units in terms of major climate suitable for a certain range of crops and cultivars.
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• Araboricultural- cultivation of woody plants, Particularly those used for decoration and shade.
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• Albedo- It is the ratio of the amount of visible light reflected by a body to the amount incident up on it. It is also called reflected radiation and expressed in percentage. it is measured with albedometer.
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• Arable Farming- Farming System that involves  the Production of Crop Requiring tillage.

 Crop -
plants on a farm that are man
aged for economic purposes,
producing a physical product
for farm use or sale.

Crop damage-
Any reduction in quantity or
quality of yield that results from injuri caused by environmental factors chemicals or pests.


Crop growth rate-
the crops rate of dry matter
accumulation

Crop injury
visible and measurable symp-
toms and/or signs caused by
physical or biological patho
physical or biological patho-
gens, insects, weeds and other factors.


Crop loss-
A reduction in value and/or
financial return due to dam.
age: often measured as the
difference between actual
yield and attainable yield

Crop development-
the sequence of processes and
events involved in producing
new tissues and organs
throughout the crop cycle.


Crop removal-
absorption of soil nutrients by crops

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