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Provide study material of drip irrigation system
Provide study material of drip irrigation system
What is drip irrigation -
Drip irrigation is a method of irrigation .
Drip irrigation system is a micro irrigation system that have potential to save water and nutrients .
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| Drip irrigation |
Definition of drip irrigation-
Drip irrigation is defined as the precise, slow application of water in the form of discrete or continuous or tiny streams through mechanical device called emitters or application
Of located at selected points along water delivery lines.
Drip irrigation also called as trickle irrigation.
The year of 1940, Symcha Blase, an Israeli engineer observed that a larg tree near a leaking faucet exhibition vigorous growth then other tree is the area .
In 1964 he developed the first patented drip irrigation system.
Component of drip irrigation-
Drip Irrigation System Consist of the Following Components.
1- Pump to Left the Water from the Source of Supply'.
2- A Head Unit Consisting of a Time Maintained the Required Pressure for Circulation of Water.
3-A Central Distribution System Connected to the Man Water Supply with Regular Witch Regulated Water Pressure and Quantity.
4- A fertilizer tank Connected to the Central Distribution System.
5- A filter, connected to the center distribution system, to remove material suspended in water.
6- PVC main supply of suitable dimers and length to deliver discharge.
7-Sub main or lateral of suitable diameter and length connected in parallel way to the main .
8- Plastic drippers inserted in the letter is the desire spacing (equal to the intra row spacing of the plant )Which control of the desire quality of water.
Pump-
the duty of the pump in terms of flow and pressure is determined after the diameter length and discharge of the of all the mans literals in metres are the decide and the friction losses are estimated.
Head -
The water lifted from the source of supply steel storage in the head tank using 3 * 3 * 3 meter size setting on a raised platform to maintain pressure head of about 45 meters is connected to the central distribution system in regular pressure and amount of water.
Central Distribution System-
Consist of check valves water Meters Gauges and Fertilizers and Fertilization Unit based on the mains check valve just down stream of the pump open close from the pump and close the floor in form of the opposite direction towards the pump when pump is shut down.
Main line -
The mains are PVC pipes usually of 25 mm to 75 mm in diameter. In the
nomenclature of PVC and HDPE pipes only the outer diameter (OD) is quoted. Pressure rating
PVC pipes is determined by the PVC material used and dimension ratio. The dimension ratio
is a function of pipe diameter and wall thickness and together determine pipe pressure rating
PVC pipes are generally available in 25. 4.0.6.0 and 10.0 kg/cm pressure rating.
Sabmain-
The sub main distributes the same discharge to all the laterals fitted to it. The area
wered by the sub main is dependent on field layout, slope of the land, water supply and irrigation
demand and uniformity requirement within the sub-unit. Usually pipes of 25-50 mm diameter and
suitable length are used.
Laterals-
The laterals are provided in the main line or on subdomain for each row of the crop
Correct evaluation of friction head loss in the laterals is essential to achieve optimum uniformity
for emitter characteristics and variability of manufacturing in addition to pressure variation. In the case of lateral design as water flows through laterals, it is gradually discharged through the drippers.
The mains are PVC pipes usually of 25 mm to 75 mm in diameter. In the
nomenclature of PVC and HDPE pipes only the outer diameter (OD) is quoted. Pressure rating
PVC pipes is determined by the PVC material used and dimension ratio. The dimension ratio
is a function of pipe diameter and wall thickness and together determine pipe pressure rating
PVC pipes are generally available in 25. 4.0.6.0 and 10.0 kg/cm pressure rating.
Sabmain-
The sub main distributes the same discharge to all the laterals fitted to it. The area
wered by the sub main is dependent on field layout, slope of the land, water supply and irrigation
demand and uniformity requirement within the sub-unit. Usually pipes of 25-50 mm diameter and
suitable length are used.
Laterals-
The laterals are provided in the main line or on subdomain for each row of the crop
Correct evaluation of friction head loss in the laterals is essential to achieve optimum uniformity
for emitter characteristics and variability of manufacturing in addition to pressure variation. In the case of lateral design as water flows through laterals, it is gradually discharged through the drippers.
Dripper or Emitters. T
are various types of drippers. They are short path, long-path,
pressure compensating sele-fusing and poni tubing mittens Thano designs can in two types, point source and line source. Point source systems discharge water all or multiple outlets that are spaced at least I m apart. Line-source systems have hötes or ponis walls in the irrigation tubing that discharge water at close spacing atinuously along a lateral line. Point source systems are used for widely spaced crop source systems for close growing crops.
Different drip irrigation systems are available.
The most common system is the surface drip irrigation system where in the laterals and drips are on the soil surface. The advantage of surface Irrigation is case in installation, inspection, changing and cleaning emitters.
In case of surface drip irrigation systems the laterals are buried below the soil surface.
Spray irrigation multiple water as a small spray, fog or mist to the soil surface. This is mainly used for the Pules irrigation system supplies water in series of pulses or discharged with an interval of
10 or 15 minutes.
Subsurface drip irrigation is the most advanced method of irrigation, which enables the
application of small amounts of water to the soil through the drippers placed below the soil
surface.
Subsurface drip can be used successfully to several field and fruit crops.
Subsurface drip irrigation can be used to provide oxygen to plant roots through irrigation waterby hyper-aeration or oxygenation Hydrogen peroxide at the rate of 5 Vha at the end of each
irrigation cycle can be injected. Yields are increased by about 25%. Weed emergence in the
subsurface irrigation is less compared to furrow irrigation.
Weed densities on the beds
were 46-96 per cent lower the subsurface irrigation than furrow irrigation.
The design of an affordable continuous-flow drip irrigation system that applies the exact
ik crop water requirement continuously throughout the 24 h of a day, and so maintains the crop root zone near field capacity all through the growth season.
The design continuous-flow
rate was nine(9) drops of water per minute (0.03 l/h) for tomato.
Drip irrigation has the potential of precisely applying water and nutrients both in amount
and in location at a rate which matches the plant requirements.
• Enhanced plant growth and yield.
Reduced salinity hazard to plants.
• Improved fertilizers and other chemical applications
. Limited weed growth.
• Reduced operational labour.
• Decreased energy requirement.
• Improved cultural practices.
. Persistent maintenance requirements.
. Salt accumulation in plants.
Restricted soil water distribution and plant root development.
• Economic and technical limitations.
are various types of drippers. They are short path, long-path,
pressure compensating sele-fusing and poni tubing mittens Thano designs can in two types, point source and line source. Point source systems discharge water all or multiple outlets that are spaced at least I m apart. Line-source systems have hötes or ponis walls in the irrigation tubing that discharge water at close spacing atinuously along a lateral line. Point source systems are used for widely spaced crop source systems for close growing crops.
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| Layout of drip irrigation system |
Types of Drip Irrigation Systems
Different drip irrigation systems are available.
The most common system is the surface drip irrigation system where in the laterals and drips are on the soil surface. The advantage of surface Irrigation is case in installation, inspection, changing and cleaning emitters.
In case of surface drip irrigation systems the laterals are buried below the soil surface.
Spray irrigation multiple water as a small spray, fog or mist to the soil surface. This is mainly used for the Pules irrigation system supplies water in series of pulses or discharged with an interval of
10 or 15 minutes.
Subsurface Drip Irrigation
Subsurface drip irrigation is the most advanced method of irrigation, which enables the
application of small amounts of water to the soil through the drippers placed below the soil
surface.
Subsurface drip can be used successfully to several field and fruit crops.
Subsurface drip irrigation can be used to provide oxygen to plant roots through irrigation waterby hyper-aeration or oxygenation Hydrogen peroxide at the rate of 5 Vha at the end of each
irrigation cycle can be injected. Yields are increased by about 25%. Weed emergence in the
subsurface irrigation is less compared to furrow irrigation.
Weed densities on the beds
were 46-96 per cent lower the subsurface irrigation than furrow irrigation.
Continuous-flow Drip Irrigation -
The design of an affordable continuous-flow drip irrigation system that applies the exact
ik crop water requirement continuously throughout the 24 h of a day, and so maintains the crop root zone near field capacity all through the growth season.
The design continuous-flow
rate was nine(9) drops of water per minute (0.03 l/h) for tomato.
Fertigation -
Drip irrigation has the potential of precisely applying water and nutrients both in amount
and in location at a rate which matches the plant requirements.
Advantages -
• Increased beneficial use of available water.• Enhanced plant growth and yield.
Reduced salinity hazard to plants.
• Improved fertilizers and other chemical applications
. Limited weed growth.
• Reduced operational labour.
• Decreased energy requirement.
• Improved cultural practices.
Disadvantages -
. Persistent maintenance requirements.
. Salt accumulation in plants.
Restricted soil water distribution and plant root development.
• Economic and technical limitations.
Reference -
Safi, B., Neyshabouri, M.R., Nazemi, A.H., Massiha, S., Mirlatifi, S.M. 2007. Water application uniformi
of a subsurface drip irrigation system at various operating pressures and tape lengths. Turkish-Journal-
Agriculture-and-Forestry. 31(5): 275-285.
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