Concept of soil-
Soil science deals with considered as a natural body and as an importent medium for crop growth. A study of soil science includes:
1- Soil geology-
The study of the geological materials from which the soil is derived and it's process of formation.
2- soil chemistry-
The study of the chemical components of the soil , their introduction with one another and the effects of the chemical environment of the soil.
3- soil Physics-
Study the effects of physical law on the evolution of chemical properties and physical properties of soil.
4- Soil Biology-
The study of the effect of plants animal and soil micro-organisms on the evolution chemical composition and physical condition of the soil.
The word ' soil ' is no exception. As a verb means ' to make dirty ' as an the case of solid dishes or clothing.
The noun soil is derived through old Franch from the Latin silam, which means floor or ground .
What a soil scientist calls as soil, geologist may call fragmented rock,
And engineer may call earth an economist may call land.
Two basic concepts-
1- Soil is a natural body.
2- Soil as a natural habitat for plants and other living organisms.
Study of soil-
Pedology- Study of origin of the soil it's classification and it's discription .
Edephology- Study of soil in relation to growth, nutrition and yield of crops.
Definition of soil-
"Soil is a natural body developed by Natural forces acting on natural materials. It is usually differenciated into horizons from mineral and organic constitution of variable depth which differ from the parent material
below in morphology physical properties and composition and biological characteristics"
By- Joffe and Marbut
Component of soil -
Soil consist of Four major components
1- Mineral matter
2- Oraganic matter
3- Water
1- Mineral matter insoil--
Organic matter in soil-
Oraganic matter is a store house of nutrients in soil. Beside these, organic matter is responsible for most desirable surface soil structure, promotes a greater proportion of large pore size, improves water holding capacity and also aeration status of the soil.
The organic matter content in a soil is very small and varies from only about 3 to 5 per cent by weight in a top soil.
What a soil scientist calls as soil, geologist may call fragmented rock,
And engineer may call earth an economist may call land.
Two basic concepts-
1- Soil is a natural body.
2- Soil as a natural habitat for plants and other living organisms.
Study of soil-
Pedology- Study of origin of the soil it's classification and it's discription .
Edephology- Study of soil in relation to growth, nutrition and yield of crops.
Definition of soil-
"Soil is a natural body developed by Natural forces acting on natural materials. It is usually differenciated into horizons from mineral and organic constitution of variable depth which differ from the parent material
below in morphology physical properties and composition and biological characteristics"
By- Joffe and Marbut
Component of soil -
Soil consist of Four major components
1- Mineral matter
2- Oraganic matter
3- Water
4- Air
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| Componenet of soil |
1- Mineral matter insoil--
Mineral matter is the predominant component of mineral soils. It constitutes about 45% of total soil composition. It is made up of a number of particles which vary in size, shape and chemical composition. These particles range from the microscopic colloidal clays to the coarse fraction of sand and gravel.
In general, the primary minerals, exa- Quartz, biotite, muscovite , etc.
Mineral matter
Oraganic matter is a store house of nutrients in soil. Beside these, organic matter is responsible for most desirable surface soil structure, promotes a greater proportion of large pore size, improves water holding capacity and also aeration status of the soil.
The organic matter content in a soil is very small and varies from only about 3 to 5 per cent by weight in a top soil.
Soil water-
Soil water plays a very significant role in soil plant growth relationship . Water is held within the soil pores with varying degrees of forces depending on the amount of water present .
With the increasing amount of water in soil the force of relation of water by the soil will be low and vice - versa .
Soil Air -
Air spaces pore spaces (voids) in
a soil consists of that portion of the soil volume not accupide by soil solid, either minimal or organic .
Under field conditions, pore spaces are occupied at all times by air and water.
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| Soil Air |
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