Sprinkler Irrigation Systems / 2020

Sprinkler Irrigation Systems -

Sprinkler Irrigation is a method of applying irrigation water which is similar to rainfall. Water is distributed through a system of pipes usually by pumping. It is then sprayed into the air and irrigated entire soil surface through spray heads so that it breaks up into small water drops which fall to the ground.

Sprinklers provide efficient coverage for small to large areas and are suitable for use on all types of properties. It is also adaptable to nearly all irrigable soils since sprinklers are available in a wide range of discharge capacity.

Sprinkler Irrigation System Components-

A sprinkler irrigation systems or set-up arrangement typically consists of the following:
a) A pump unit which extracts water from the source and produces pressure for discharge into the pipe system.

The pump must be able to supply water at the appropriate pressure so that the water is discharged at an optimum rate and volume suitable to the crop and soil type.

b) Principal pipes and secondary pipes which carry water from the pump to the laterals. In some cases, these pipelines are installed on the soil surface or buried below the land surface. In some cases, they are temporary and can be transferred from one field to another.

The primary materials used for the pipe include asbestos cement, plastic or aluminum alloy.

c) The laterals to transport water from pipes to the sprinklers. They can be permanent, but mostly they are portable and made of aluminum alloy or plastic so that they can be moved quickly.

d) Sprinklers – which are the water-emitting devices that transform and disperse the water jet into tiny droplets.

The arrangement of sprinklers is made so as to wet the soil surface in the desired area as evenly as possible.

Sprinkler irrigation system is adoptableto following situations:

Almost all types of soils and terrains.
Successfully irrigate high permeable soils that are difficult to irrigate using surface irrigation methods.
Lands with combination of shallow soils and terrain that prevent proper land grading smoothing.
Lands having steep slopes and erodible soils and undulating terrain that would be too costly to make smooth for use.
Areas prone to frost and fog in Northern India this method can be used to minimise their effect of frost and fog on crop damage.
Suppressing dust during to dust storm during summer and cooling the local environment.

What are the Advantages of Sprinkler irrigation systems?

Before installing any Sprinkler Irrigation system in your crop or garden, you should first understand the benefits that you will gain out of it. You can create an optimum solution by going with what suits your space and what you want to achieve. Here are some of the significant advantages of installing a Sprinkler Irrigation System on your farm.

Excludes water conveyance channels, thereby reducing conveyance or in-transit loss.
Suitable for all types of soil except for heavy clay.
Saves up to 30% – 50 % of the water supply.
Suitable for irrigation where the plant population per unit stretch is remarkably high.
It helps to boost production.
Overcomes soil compaction.
The system is easy to use because of its mobility
Suitable for different land types and areas.
Soluble fertilizers and chemicals can be used.
Provides frost protection
Helps in the modification of microclimate.
Decreases labor cost.

What about the Sprinkler System Disadvantages?

The major Sprinkler System downside is that it’s usually affected by climatic conditions, water sources, and expense. Even mild breeze can severely decrease the effectiveness of Sprinkler Systems by altering the distribution pattern of the water droplets.

Furthermore, when operating at high temperatures, water can evaporate at a fast rate degrading the effectiveness of the irrigation. Although Sprinkler Irrigation can benefit farmers and ensure water resources are used more efficiently, this technology depends on a clean source of water and therefore may not be suited to areas where rainfall and groundwater sources are limited.

The installation costs for Sprinkler Systems are also higher as compared to gravity-fed irrigation systems. In fact, the large labor force is needed to move pipes and sprinklers in a temporary arrangement. In some places, suitable labor may not be available and might also be highly-priced.

Mechanized Sprinkler Irrigation Systems have comparatively high energy demand, and thus this technology may not suitable for areas with limited or fluctuating power supply.

Sprinkler irrigation system is a most important irrigation system .

Q1-Sprinkler irrigation system also called as -
1-trickle system 2- over head system
3- cabligation system 4- NOT

Q2- Sprinkler irrigation system pressure
1- 1.5- 2.5kg/cm2 2- 5 to 7kg/cm2
3 - 2.5- 4.5 kg/cm2 4- 2.5-4.5kg/m2

Q3-Sprinkler irrigation saving labour compared to surface
1- 20-40/. 2-60-80/. 3-40-60/. 4- NOT

Q4- Sprinkler irrigation discharge rate more then-
1- 1000 lit/hr 2- 1200lit/hr 3- 1500lit/hr
4- 800lit/hr

Sprinkler Irrigation Systems / 2020